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The rise of AI also threatens a traditional view of what makes humans special. Many philosophers down the centuries—from Aristotle and Aquinas to Descartes and Kant—argue that what makes us unique is our ability to reason. We are the animal rationale, as the scholastics put it. We humans are able to analyze and process information, draw conclusions from premises, perform calculations, and so on. Mice, cats, whales, and orangutans either can’t do these things, or can do them only to a limited degree.